Anatomy and Physiology II Practice Test

Anemia that is caused by a defective gene resulting in abnormal hemoglobin is known as what?

1. Hemorrhagic anemia

2. Aplastic anemia

3. Pernicious anemia

4. Sickle cell anemia

The correct answer is: Sickle cell anemia

Sickle cell anemia is a specific type of anemia that arises from a genetic mutation affecting hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. This mutation leads to the production of an abnormal form of hemoglobin known as hemoglobin S. Under low oxygen conditions, red blood cells containing hemoglobin S can become rigid and form a characteristic sickle shape, which can impair their ability to travel through blood vessels. This results in reduced oxygen delivery to tissues, chronic pain, and various complications due to the blockage of blood flow. Understanding sickle cell anemia's roots in genetics helps to differentiate it from other forms of anemia, which may arise from factors such as blood loss, decreased production of red blood cells, or nutritional deficiencies, rather than a structural abnormality in hemoglobin itself.