Anatomy and Physiology II Practice Test

What condition arises when there is a lack of production of red blood cells in the bone marrow?

1. Hemorrhagic anemia

2. Aplastic anemia

3. Sickle cell anemia

4. Polycythemia vera

The correct answer is: Aplastic anemia

Aplastic anemia arises when there is a deficiency in the bone marrow's ability to produce red blood cells. This condition can occur due to a variety of factors, including exposure to certain chemicals, radiation, infections, autoimmune diseases, and inherited genetic factors. The consequence is a significantly reduced number of red blood cells, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, increased risk of infections, and bleeding due to insufficient platelets. In the context of other conditions mentioned, hemorrhagic anemia refers specifically to a reduction in red blood cells caused by blood loss. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder resulting in abnormally shaped red blood cells that can block blood vessels and cause pain. Polycythemia vera, on the other hand, is a condition characterized by an overproduction of red blood cells. Thus, the unique characteristic of aplastic anemia is indeed the insufficient production of red blood cells from the bone marrow.